Digital photography requires a solid workflow, allowing for professional preparing of digital photo files for the web and print. For the Digital Photography Workflow series, we consulted with a number of experienced professional photographers who are also stellar photo.net members and frequent contributors to the Photo.net Digital Darkroom forum, to walk us through their specific photography techniques and tips on post-processing images.In this article, Jean-Sébastien offers advice on how to stitch together panoramas using Autopano Pro. The article is enhanced with illustrative figures and screen shots, and includes example images from Jean’s portfolio. Whether you are just entering the world of digital photography and need some tips and advice on how best to post-process your images, or are a seasoned pro, the insights shared here should be helpful with your own digital post-processing techniques.

What you can do with Autopano Pro

Autopano Pro has been created to automatically process images and find panoramas from your local files, even if you had no prior knowledge and that your camera was set to fully-automatic operation. However, I would advise you to at least set your white balance manually before shooting. When the contrast is high, you might need to shoot several photos, and adjust exposure to get details in the shadows and highlights. Autopano will then be able to adjust luminosity and make the best of your photos. Here is a set of photos that I have shot [31 and 45].

31

45

Using Autopano to Create Panoramas
Step 1

Autopano reads JPEG, TIFF, PNG, BMP, as well RAW from many cameras. Once you launch it [Screenshot 1] and open a folder [3], it will automatically detect the panoramas from the images you’ve loaded, trying to stitch them together. Options can be set to help this process as you can see from the dialog box.

1

3

Step 2

Once images are loaded [4], pressing the Play button will launch the automatic detection of panoramas [5]. This takes some time as lens distortion and various adjustments are also addressed during this process [7]. I would advice to only run it on selected files, rather than the whole directory of your holidays photographs.

4

5

7

Step 3

The result is a list of available panoramas from you to choose from [8, 9].

Screenshot 8

Screenshot 9

You can use the Edit button to adjust a panorama or simply render it by clicking on Process .

The panorama editor provides several options [14].

Screenshot 14

We are going to have a more detailed look at them. First thing you notice is that the image is tilted. Use to fix it [16].

Screenshot 16

Step 4

Various tone-mapping options are possible. For a quick start, you can go to Tone Mapping RH2 [17]. The dialog offers a way to adjust luminosity through the Key value [18] as you can see on the two examples [19, 20]. You can play with that until you are satisfied or use the Levels as described below. The Tone Mapping RH2 is actually more useful for HDR, as we will see later on.

Screenshot 17

Screenshot 18

Screenshot 19

Screenshot 20

Step 5

Various projections are also possible. Architecture fans will love the Planar projection [21] whereas regular panorama users will probably stick to the Spherical. [22] The Planar projection will tend to create straight lines whereas Spherical better recreates what you have seen.

Screenshot 21

Screenshot 22

Step 6

The Levels are similar to those in Photoshop. Playing with the Gamma point [23] makes the image brighter or darker, whereas the black and white points of the histogram help you make sure to achieve the tonal range that you are looking for. In the example, I could for instance raise the black point a little bit to the right until it touches the histogram.

Screenshot 23

Step 7

Once you’re done, click on Process and you’ll get an option dialog [26]. It is possible to save your file in Photoshop format, keeping the layers intact for further adjustments. I found it quite useful to set up my DPI to 300, and then move the scale factor [27] until I’m pleased with the size of the generated image.

Screenshot 26

Screenshot 27

Step 8

When you open your image in Photoshop [28], you will notice that all layers are there. A close inspection [29] shows that the blending isn’t perfect on one layer. To address this, I simply add a mask to the layer and then paint in black over it [30]. The result is much smoother.

Screenshot 28

Screenshot 29

Screenshot 30

Step 9

Using another set of images [31], here is the panorama that I first get [32]. The result is rather pleasing. If you would like to see the layers, click on and you will get this result [34]. If you move the mouse and click on the layers, you will see the individual image [35].

Screenshot 31

Screenshot 32

Screenshot 34

Screenshot 35

Step 10

If you notice that some elements are not perfectly vertical, use the Vertical Tool [36] to manually draw vertical lines [38]. This will help Autopano making a better result [39].

Screenshot 36

Screenshot 38

Screenshot 39

Step 11

Once you’re done, you can even ask for an automatic cropping of the resulting image [40].

Screenshot 40

Step 12

Autopano also adds HDR correction. I’m going to very briefly describe it. [41] The result of selecting HDR might be a black image. This might has to do with the histogram, as well as individual adjustments. Select the Color Anchor tool [42], then click on one layer and choose “All to transfer function”. Once it’s done, use the Levels and move the white point until the histogram looks better [44].

Screenshot 41

Screenshot 42

Screenshot 44

On my example, I’ve lowered the white point quite a bit, because the dynamic range of all images wasn’t very high. When assembling source pictures that are already in HDR format (i.e. having a very wide dynamic range), it is very useful to work with a logarithmic curve instead of a linear curve. This can be done by double-clicking on the Levels Histogram. The sliders will then adjust to a logarithmic scale. There are also several more options for you to explore.

Step 13

HDR tends to somehow flatten the contrast of the image. Another easy way to adjust your exposure through the panorama is to set “Color Anchors”: an anchor defines how the corresponding image will be modified by the color correction algorithm. As an example, let’s start with four shots with various exposure [45]. There is a dramatic luminosity difference between the pale sky and the black rocks in the foreground. The automatic conversion creates a pleasing image [46] but the sky is too bright as compared to the ground. Playing with the levels would make a global adjustment and would affect at the same time the ground and the sky. To better control exposure locally, select the Edit Color Tool and right-click on the top image that contains the sky. From the pop-up menu, choose “Hard Anchor” [47]: this portion of the panorama will now remain unchanged.

Screenshot 45

Screenshot 46

Screenshot 47

Please note that for the moment, all the other Anchors are set to “Transfer function”, which means that only the luminosity and contrast values will be adjusted for these areas of the panorama (you can adjust this by yourself by right clicking and use “All to transfer function”, if it is not the case on your panorama).

Step 14

To better understand the difference between them, let’s set another Hard Anchor on the ground [48]. Since exposure was correct on both of these images, the result is a panorama where both the sky and the middle of the image are correctly exposed and lit [49]. You can of course make other Hard Anchors [50] to locally fine-tune exposure as you like. Note that the proper blending is still performed between the images, and that all transitions are smooth. The resulting panorama has better local contrast than the automatic result that we initially got.

Screenshot 48

Screenshot 49

Screenshot 50

Conclusion

That’s it. Autopano Pro offers many more ways to control exposure, as well as adjusting and moving images around to fine-tune the result. But it is also quite an easy tool to quickly automatically create panoramas from your work.

Some Info and video tutorials you find on the wiki page of Autopano Pro.

Lets get started,

1-So before going any further make sure you zoom out your main camera view which is also refer to (Open GL) view, (Open GL) stands for (Ongoing Industry Wide Range Contribution Graphics Library), you might be thinking why I am zooming out the view? its because once you created the terrain then we will scale it up fairly large to match the clouds which we are going to use, like on the image illustrating below,

2-Now from your tools bar choose Procedural Terrain,

3-Now you should have your terrain on the ground which is pretty small, ok scale it out to fix on the main camera view,

4-Once you scale out your terrain, still with terrain selected go to (Object>>Edit Object) like on the image showing below,

5-Here is your terrain editor turn of (Zero Edges) on the (Proc) tab in the (Scale) slider change the value to something match your test in this case mine is set to 0.70 which might differs from your terrain, and then hit (OK)

6-Once you happy with the shape of your terrain then tumble around the scene to find some cool looking angle, in this case you could see mine in the image below,

7-Still with the terrain selected from your property panel on the top click on the button with checkered sphere it will bring materials list choose according to your test,

8-Once you applied material to the terrain its time to start the fun part, from (Atmosphere) menu choose (Atmosphere Editor) like on the image showing you below,

9-You should see your Atmosphere Editor, now play with the settings you don’t need to follow along with my settings you are more then welcome to play with your own settings,

10-Now on the (Clouds) tab click on the button (Add) and then from the list of clouds choose any cloud shape you like, in the case I have choose (Thick Cumulus) cloud, but if you want to chose different one you are more then welcome,

11-And now start playing with the settings until you are not happy, here is my settings,

12-Once you played with the settings and see your clouds on the surface of terrain, its time to add one more cloud do the same as you did for the first cloud but this time chose different one then the first one you have choose,

13-Play with the settings, and here is my settings,

14-Now go to (Sky, Fog and Haze) tab set your preferred settings, and here is mine below,

15-For now we are done with the clouds and environments settings and lets populate our terrain with some trees, and some plants with the help of Vue`s EcoSystem, select your terrain and then in the property panel right click on the material slot and then chose (Edit Material) which you could see in the image below,

16-In the (Material Editor) click on the radio button labeled with (Ecosystem) now in the general tab click on the (Add) button and now from the pop up menu chose any thing you like to populate in this case you may need to chose (Plants) since we are dealing with terrain, add as much as plants you want but make sure you have some really good amount of RAM in your Machine otherwise you will find Vue crashing on you which is really not good, once you are happy with the settings then hit the (Populate) button then hit (OK), so here is my setup,

17-Now back to (Atmosphere Editor) in the (Sky, Fog and Haze) check the check box labeled with (Godrays), this is pretty nice option which will help you to create really nice looking rays coming out of clouds, to see the effect you may need to play with the (Azimuth) of your Sun, if you want to have more finer control on your clouds play with (Quality Boost) but its more render expensive,

18-Back to (Clouds) tab from the (Clouds Layers) highlight cloud name, and then from the thumbnail preview right click and chose (Edit Material), like on the image below,

19-In the (Material Editor) for the selected cloud now check the check box labeled with (Cast Shadows), if you don’t do this your Godrays wont work, do the same for your remaining clouds if you have,

20-Ok we are almost done its time to set render settings, do your render settings as you can see in the image below, or if you want to have more finer result chose (Broadcast) from the (Preset render Quality), once you happy with the settings hit (Render) Button, as you can see in the image below,

Here is few of my final renders with different settings and setups,

Final 1

Final 2

Final 3

Congratulations guys you have successfully completed the tutorial, I hope this could helped you out to create your own scenes like this, play with the settings there are endless possibilities in Vue to create outstanding photorealist renders,

if you still have any kind of Comments, Questions, Feedbacks, Suggestion please feel free to write me,

aziz3d@clubsrk.com – http://www.aziz3d.esmartdesign.com

Making Wall Unit

Island

Small Planet

Free Objects/Matereal Tutorial

The objective of this mattepainting was above all to improve my skills. I did not have an precise idea of what would give the final image. I wanted simply to carry out a urban landscape and to integrate natural elements into it.

The images used were found on the internet except the principal image which I bought on Fotolia.

Environment and Painting – Addition of a new sky created from several images of clouds found on google. At this stage, I start to “destroy” certain parts of the buildings, the panes, etc…

Flood – Addition of water. Render is a big work which requires a particular care concerning the lights and the reflections. The final texture of water is a mix of several photographs of rivers, ponds, etc…

Some steps for the water texture

The mix between different layers is done by using the blending modes.

Characters – The light imports enormously for a coherent integration of the characters. I still use «density» tools and blending modes to associate the different elements.

Vegetation – Same operations here as before

Final steps – The mains stages. Below, you can see all the elements added over the original image… not very aesthetic but helpful

I hope this «mini makin of» could help you Please email me if you have any query or suggestion
Download in PDF
by Pierre Fabre, France Web: www.gkaster.com

Aphex – Matte painting e compositing a Valle Giulia